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Friday, 10 May 2019

Clause အေၾကာင္း
clause ဝါက်အပိုဒ္ငယ္ဟာ အဂၤလိပ္ သဒၵါ၏ အေျခခံစံျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ clause ၂မ်ိဳးရိွပါတယ္။
၁။independent clause ဟာ ျပီးျပည့္စံုတဲ့ စာေၾကာင္းအျဖစ္ ေဖၚျပျခင္းကို ဆိုလိုပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ။ ။ Michael bought a new computer.
၂။dependent clause ဟာ သူကိုယ္တိုင္ျပည့္စံုမူမရိွဘူး။ dependent clause ျဖစ္ျခင္း မျဖစ္ျခင္းကို dependent marker word ျဖစ္တဲ့ conjunction စာေၾကာင္းဆက္ စကားလံုးေတြၾကည့္ျခင္းျဖင့္ သိႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ သာမန္ dependent marker wordေတြကေတာ့ after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while တို႔ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ။ ။Although he still has his old one.
independent clause ႏွင့္ dependent clause ႏွစ္ခုကိုဆက္၍ အသံုးျပဳျခင္း
Independent clause, {for or and yet nor so but} independent clause.
ဥပမာ။ ။ Raul loves to run with his dog, but the dog’s short legs prevent her from running very far.
Independent clause ႏွစ္ခုကို semicolonအသံုးျပဳဆက္တဲ႔အခါ ဒုတိယစာေၾကာင္းသည္ ပထမ စာေၾကာင္းပါအေၾကာင္းအရာ ကိုအက်ယ္ခ်ဲ႕ေပးျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
Independent clause { : ; } independent clause.
ဥပမာ။ ။ Mary’s announcement surprised the committee: she had decided to resign.
Independent clause ႏွစ္ခုကို စာေၾကာင္းအကူး စားလံုးႏွင့္ semicolon ကိုတြဲသံုးျခင္းျဖင့္ ပိုေသခ်ာမူကိုေဖၚျပႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
Independent clause ; {consequently in fact however indeed therefore moreover nevertheless then furthermore} , independent clause.
ဥပမာ။ ။ Some believe the poem has been misinterpreted; however, I’ll argue that it has not been.
Independent clause ႏွင့္ dependent clause တို႕ကို စာေၾကာင္းအကူး စားလံုးႏွင့္ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ျခင္း။
Independent clause {after although as (as if) because before if since unless until whereas when(ever) while} dependent clause.
ဥပမာ။ ။Robin knew that she had to finish her homework before going out with her friends.
{After Although As (as if) Because Before If Since Unless Until Whereas When(ever) While} dependent clause, independent clause.
ဥပမာ။ ။ Before going out with her friends, Robin knew that she had to finish her homework.
ေရးသားပံုမ်ား
Michael now has a new computer although he still has his old one. (independent clause ေရးျပီးမွ Dependent clauseေရးျခင္း)
Although he still has his old one, Michael now has a new computer. (the independent clause မေရးခင္ Dependent clauseေရးျခင္း)
Michael, although he still has his old one, now has a new computer. (independent clause အတြင္းမွ Dependent clause)

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Idioms to stick in your gulle/throat/crawt= လက်ခံရန် သို့မဟုတ် သဘောတူရန် ခက်ခဲသော/မဖြစ်နိူင်သော အသုံး။   ။ The way that Bob was fired has...